muscle tooth

What causes cavities?

Dental decay, also known as cavities or caries, starts when the bacteria in your mouth feed on sugars and starches from the food you eat. Here’s how the process unfolds:

  1. Plaque Formation: When you eat, food particles can remain in your mouth. The bacteria in your mouth feed on these sugars and starches, producing acids as a byproduct. These acids mix with saliva and form a sticky film called plaque, which adheres to your teeth.
  2. Acid Attack: The acids in the plaque begin to erode the enamel, which is the hard outer layer of your teeth. Enamel is very resistant, but it can be worn down over time if it’s frequently exposed to acid.
  3. Demineralization: As the enamel is exposed to the acids, minerals like calcium and phosphate are leached out of the tooth. This process is called demineralization. If demineralization continues, it weakens the enamel and creates tiny holes or soft spots.
  4. Cavity Formation: If the demineralization isn’t reversed (through proper oral hygiene, fluoride treatment, or saliva), the weakened enamel can eventually break down, leading to the formation of cavities or holes in the tooth.
  5. Progression of Decay: If untreated, the decay can progress deeper into the tooth, affecting the softer layers inside the tooth, like the dentin and eventually the pulp, where nerves and blood vessels are located. This can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss.

Good oral hygiene (brushing and flossing), a balanced diet, and regular dental visits are key to preventing decay. Fluoride treatments, in particular, can help remineralize enamel before it turns into a cavity.

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